What is Honey?

As Honey is one of the Healthiest sweet treats, shared and enjoyed by the family. Humans have prized honey for its sweet taste for many thousands of years. Some researchers say honey is more than a sweetener. It may also have health benefits, though there is little evidence for some of its beneficial uses.

Honey is composed mostly of the sugars glucose and fructose. It’s what scientists term a supersaturated solution.  When sugar is stirred into a glass of water, some sugar is usually left at the bottom. That’s because the water (solvent) will only dissolve a certain amount. But, if the water is heated, more sugar can be dissolved. Consequently, in supersaturation, heat, enzymes or other chemical agents can increase the amount of material dissolved. These solutions tend to crystallize easily. Syrup, fudge and honey are all considered to be supersaturated solutions. Because of its supersaturation and low water content (15-18%), honey is viscous. That means it is rather thick in consistency and sometimes it’s solid. Its main ingredients are carbohydrates (sugars,) but it also contains, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, enzymes, organic acids, pollen, fragrance and flavor compounds.

All honey begins with nectar. Whereas honey is viscous and has a low water content, nectar is about 80% water. It’s a very thin solution- colorless and not nearly as sweet as honey. It’s also chemically different. Through the use of enzymes, bees are able to convert the complex sugar in nectar into more simple sugars. This is why honey is more easily digested than regular table sugar. Its sugars (glucose and fructose) are simpler than sucrose (table sugar).

Because 95 to 99.9 % of the solids in honey are sugars, in order to understand honey, it’s necessary to understand sugar. Pure cane sugar is almost all sucrose. It’s called a disaccharide and is formed when two simple sugars are joined. That’s why it’s sometimes called a “double sugar.” Sucrose, which is found in nectar, is made of the simple sugars glucose and fructose. These simple sugars are called monosaccharides, which means “one sugar.” Even though fructose and glucose have the same chemical formula (C6H12O6), they’re two different sugars. That’s because their atoms are arranged differently. This difference in atomic arrangement, makes fructose taste much sweeter than glucose. Honey is also slightly sweeter than table sugar, because honey contains more fructose.

Honey bees don’t just gather the nectar, they change the nectar chemically. They produce an enzyme called invertase in their salivary glands. Enzymes are organic compounds that speed up a biochemical reaction. These enzymes are not used up in the reaction, so they can be used over and over again. After the nectar is gathered by the bee, invertase is added. This enzyme helps change sucrose into equal parts glucose and fructose. It’s the beginning of honey. Other enzymes also help honey taste better. Amylase is an enzyme that helps break down amylose into glucose. Glucose is easier to digest and it’s what makes honey sweeter. Another enzyme, glucose oxidase, then breaks down the glucose and stabilizes the pH of the honey. Catalase changes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. This keeps the hydrogen peroxide content low. (Even though some people believe that the hydrogen peroxide in honey is what helps preserve it, it’s probably due more to its slightly acidic pH and low water content.)

7 Potential Health Benefits of Honey

There several convenient most effective healthy benefits about honey:

1. Contains a Variety of Nutrients 

Honey is essentially pure sugar, with no fat and only trace amounts of protein and fiber. It contains small amounts of some nutrients, but most people typically don’t consume enough honey for it to be a significant dietary source of vitamins and minerals.

2. Rich in Antioxidants

High quality honey — which is minimally processed, unheated, and fresh — contains many important bioactive plant compounds and antioxidants, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. Darker varieties tend to offer more antioxidants than lighter varieties .

Antioxidants help neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) in your body, which can build up in cells and cause damage. This damage can contribute to conditions like premature aging, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease.

As such, many of honey’s health benefits are attributed to its antioxidant content.

3. The best for blood sugar Regulations 

When it comes to blood sugar management, honey may offer some slight benefits over regular sugar.

Although honey raises your blood sugar level just like other types of sugar do, the antioxidants it contains may help protect against metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabets.

Researchers have found that honey may increase levels of adiponectin, a hormone that reduces inflammation and improves blood sugar regulation.

There’s also some evidence that daily honey intake may improve fasting blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes.

However, while honey may be slightly better than refined sugar for people with diabetes, it should still be consumed in moderation.

It’s also important to know that certain types of honey could be diluted with plain syrup. Although honey adulteration is illegal in most countries, it remains a widespread problem.

4. May improve heart health

Honey may also help prevent heart disease. According to one review, honey may help lower blood pressure, improve blood fat levels, regulate your heartbeat, and prevent the death of healthy cells — all factors that can improve your heart function and health. One observational study including over 4,500 people over age 40 associated a moderate honey intake with a lower risk of high blood pressure among women.

Plus, a study in rats promisingly showed that honey helped protect the heart from oxidative stress.Additionally, raw honey typically contains propolis, a type of resin that bees produce from sap-producing trees and similar plants. Propolis may improve cholesterol and triglyceride levels

5. Promote burns and wounds healing

Topical honey treatment has been used to heal wounds and burns since ancient Egypt. The practice is still common today.A review of 26 studies on honey and wound care found it most effective at healing partial-thickness burns and wounds that have become infected after surgery.

Honey is also an effective treatment for diabetes-related foot ulcers, which are serious complications that can lead to amputation.One study including people with diabetes-related foot ulcers reported a 43.3% success rate with honey as a wound treatment. In another study, topical honey healed an impressive 97% of participants’ diabetes-related ulcers. Researchers theorize that honey’s healing powers come from its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.

6. May help suppress coughing for children 

Coughing is a common problem for children with upper respiratory infections. These infections can affect sleep and quality of life for both children and parents.

However, common cough medications are not always effective and can have side effects. Interestingly, honey may be a good alternative, with evidence indicating that it’s an effective treatment option.One review of several studies on honey and cough in children found that honey appears to be more effective than diphenhydramine for cough symptoms. It may also help reduce cough duration. Another review noted that it may also improve sleep quality among children with coughs, as well as their parents. Further, unlike some cough medicines, honey doesn’t have any side effects. However, never give honey to children under 1 year of age due to the risk of botulism

7. Good supplement for your diet

Honey is easy to add to your diet.

To get a small boost of antioxidants from honey, you can use it any way that you’d typically use sugar. It’s excellent for sweetening plain yogurt, coffee, or tea. You can also use it in cooking and baking.Also, keep in mind that honey is a type of sugar, so consuming it will cause your blood sugar levels to rise. Plus, eating large quantities of honey, especially consistently over a long period, can contribute to weight gain and increase your risk of diseases like type 2 diabetes or heart disease. Therefore, stick to a low-to-moderate intake.

Things You Didn’t Know About Honey

General facts about Honey

• Honey is the only food made by an insect, and eaten both by the insect and humans.
• Honey is made from nectar and a bee enzyme, that has been stored in honey combs and has gone through a fermentation process.

• Foraging bees have to fly about 55,000 miles to produce a pound of honey, visiting around 2 million flowers.
• Honeydew honey is honey made by honey bees from aphid secretions – actually sort of ‘aphid poop’.

• Natural honey also contains flower pollen grains.

• Honey will keep indefinitely in a jar.  However, it can react to cool temperatures by crystallizing.
• Honey is the wax-capped nectar food stores made by honey bees to see them through the winter.  The honey purchased by humans is the food stores harvested by beekeepers and put into jars.
• Honey has anti-bacterial and anti-septic benefits that are so effective, there is a peer reviewed, published paper demonstrating that honey is effective against MRSA  – or Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.  MRSA is ordinarily difficult to treat.
• Despite its name, research now shows that contrary to former belief, the honey badger is primarily keen on eating the brood (larvae form of honey bees) in a nest, rather than the honey itself.  The honey badger is primarily a carnivore.
• Honey is used to make mead.
• Honey is not considered safe for babies, because of the risk of infant botulism.  It is not suitable for people with diabetes.
• Cats cannot taste honey because they lack the taste receptors to do so.
• Bumble bees do not make honey in the way we think of it, but they do have their own version of honey.
• Honey is used sometimes in beauty treatments especially for its moisturizing and antiseptic qualities.

Historical Honey Facts

• Perhaps one of the most bizarre honey facts relates to the Ancient Egyptians.  There are records from 1550BC, referring to the use by women of honey applied to linen to prevent pregnancy.
• Rameses III, the ancient Egyptian pharaoh, offered a river god a honey sacrifice.  30,000 lbs of honey were dumped into the river Nile.
• Toxic Honey was used in ancient warfare.

• Ancient Greek civilizations regarded honey as a symbol of blessings, and happiness.  It was also used in funerals, when honey was offered to spirits of dead people.
• In the 1650s in England, the gross national proft from honey was estimated by the polymath, Samuel Hartlib, to be worth £300,000, which was a fortune at that time.
• In feudal times in medieval Europe, honey was used as a source of revenue in the form of a tax, and was gathered by the lords.  There are records of this practice in England in the Domesday Book, as well as records of the practice in Germany. Similarly, in France, lords collected honey from honey hunters and beekeepers.  In 1791, when the French government demanded a record of all hives for the purpose of collecting taxes, many hives were destroyed by their owners.

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